Repair of muscle facial trauma

Treatment principles are to replant and stabilize the avulsed permanent tooth as quickly as possible. This will greatly reduce the amount of subsequent hypertrophic scar. Because of the abundant blood supply to the facial soft tissues, bleeding from a laceration may be brisk and profuse. According to Johnsen and Winters, when use is enforced, protective facial devices decrease the incidence of facial injuries. These fractures can occur independently or in combination with orbital wall fractures; orbital wall fractures can also occur alone. Superficial second-degree burns heal uneventfully without scarring.

The zygomatic arch is part of the facial subunit known as the zygomaticomaxillary complex ZMC. Soft tissue injuries marked by cuts, tears, or breaks in the skin, subcutaneous tissue, or underlying muscle. Within this timeframe, the surgeon can use a nerve stimulator intraoperatively to identify the branches of the facial nerve. Avoid overextension of the airway by placing the patient in the neutral position for infants or sniffing position for children. The site of facial nerve injury may be intracranial, intratemporal, or external to the stylomastoid foramen. Tracheal intubation inserting a tube into the airway to assist breathing may be difficult or impossible due to swelling. Training is required to help these patients learn to produce a smile by stimulating the hypoglossal nerve.

Cuts on the tongue may also occur as a result of a fall or a motor vehicle accident. In this regard, some general principles will be helpful. The axons are surrounded by myelin, produced by the Schwann cells surrounding the axons. A nasal fracture is usually repaired by a closed reduction. David Kriet and Clinton D.